Figure legends
Figure 1: Impact of asthma control on weekly physical activity (A) and TV attendance (B). A: Fraction of total (%) analysis of subjects with vigorous PA ≥ 3 times a week, 1-2 times a week or never/occasionally physically active, grouped according to asthma control. B: Fraction of total (%) analysis of subjects with daily TV attendance > 1 h per day or ≤ 1 h per day, grouped according to asthma control. *: P < 0.05 intergroup difference.
Figure 2 : Increased (A) and decreased (B) cytokines under different stimulations in asthmatic preschoolers. Violin plots with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Asthma n = 140, healthy n = 53. PBMCs were cultured with different stimulants for 48 hours. Cytokine levels were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01 and ****: P < 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively.
Figure 3 : Impact of physical activity and TV attendance on unstimulated cytokines in asthmatic (A, B) and healthy (C, D) preschoolers. Violin plots with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Red arrows indicate increase or decrease of cytokine levels with higher PA or TVA. A: Asthma, physical activity: n /o (n = 42), 1-2 / w (n = 24), ≥ 3 / w (n = 75). B: Asthma, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 36), 1-3h / d (n = 82), ≥ 3h / day (n = 22). C: Healthy, physical activity: n /o (n = 13), 1-2 / w (n = 10), ≥ 3 / w (n = 30). D: Healthy, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 25), 1-3h / d (n = 22), ≥ 3h / day (n = 6). *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P < 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively. n / o (never or occasionally), 1-2 / w (once or twice per week), ≥ 3 / w (3 or more times per week), ≤ 1h / d (less than one hour per day), 1-3h / d (one to three hours per day), ≥ 3h / day (3 or more hours per day).
Figure 4 : Impact of physical activity on PBMC cytokine response in asthmatic (A) and healthy (B) preschoolers. Violin plots with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Red arrows indicate increase or decrease of cytokine levels with higher PA. A: Asthma, physical activity: n /o (n = 42), 1-2 / w (n = 24), ≥ 3 / w (n = 75). B: Healthy, physical activity: n /o (n = 13), 1-2 / w (n = 10), ≥ 3 / w (n = 30). *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P < 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively. n / o (never or occasionally), 1-2 / w (once or twice per week), ≥ 3 / w (3 or more times per week).
Figure 5 : Impact of TV attendance on PBMC cytokine response in asthmatic (A) and healthy (B) preschoolers. Violin plots with median and quartiles visualizing cytokine levels. Red arrows indicate increase or decrease of cytokine levels with higher TVA. A: Asthma, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 36), 1-3h / d (n = 82), ≥ 3h / day (n = 22). B: Healthy, TV attendance: ≤ 1h / d (n = 25), 1-3h / d (n = 22), ≥ 3h / day (n = 6). *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001 and ****: P < 0.0001 intergroup difference, respectively. ≤ 1h / d (less than one hour per day), 1-3h / d (one to three hours per day), ≥ 3h / day (3 or more hours per day).
Figure 6: Correlations between cytokines in asthmatic and healthy preschoolers with low weekly physical activity (A, B) and high daily TV attendance (C, D). Spearman correlation heat maps visualizing correlations between measured cytokines in both asthmatic (A, C) and healthy (B, D) preschoolers. Red and blue squares indicate positive (0 to +1) and negative (0 to -1) correlations, respectively. E: Spearman correlation scatter plots showing significant correlations between cytokines.