Abstract
The hyporheic exchange below dune-shaped bedforms has a great impact on
the stream environment. One of the most important properties of the
hyporheic zone is the residence time distribution (RTD) of flow paths in
the sediment domain. Here we evaluate the influence of an impervious
layer, at a dimensionless sediment depth of \(d_{b}^{*}=\frac{2\pi d_{b}}{\lambda}\) where \(\lambda\) is the dune
wavelength, on the form of the hyporheic exchange RTD. Empirical RTDs
were generated, over a range of \(d_{b}^{*\ }\ \)values, from numerical
particle tracking experiments in which \(10000\) particles sinusoidally
distributed over a flatbed domain were released. These empirical RTDs
are best represented by the Gamma, Log-Normal and Fréchet distributions
over normalized bed depth of \({0\ <=d}_{b}^{*\ }\leq 1.2\),\({1.2<d}_{b}^{*\ }\leq 3.1\), and \(d_{b}^{*\ }>3.1\),
respectively. The depth dependence of the analytical distribution
parameters is also presented, together with a set of regression formulae
to predict these parameters based on \(d_{b}^{*\ }\)with a high degree
of accuracy (\(R^{2}>99.8\%\)). These results contribute to our
understanding of the physical and mixing processes underpinning
hyporheic exchange in streams and allow for a quick evaluation of its
likely impact on nutrient and contaminant processing (e.g., based on the
magnitude of the Damköhler number).
Keywords: Dunes, bedforms, residence times distribution,
sediment depth effect, Hyporheic residence times, analytical
representation, two parametric distributions, Damköhler Number.