Apical right ventriculotomy approach
This approach has been described when multiple ventricular septal
defects are located between the left and right ventricular apex,
antero-inferior to the moderator band. Surgical closure has been
accomplished through a small right ventricular incision of approximately
2 cm using a sandwich technique under bypass and hypothermic
cardioplegic arrest (Figures 10A-10C).12-15