2.5 Assessment of the risk of bias in individual studies
One reviewer assessed the risk of bias using an adapted version of the
method published by Higgins et al. (2019). Each study was rated as
having or not (Yes or Not) risk of bias according to the following
criteria: for all the studies, 1) samples that tested positive to NTS
were confirmed by at least two diagnostic techniques; for the studies
that reported serovars, 2) all the NTS-positive samples were serotyped
and 3) the study presents a complete report of all the serovars that
were found; for the studies that reported antimicrobial resistance, 4)
all the NTS isolates were assessed for antimicrobial resistance, and 5)
the study presents the complete antimicrobial resistance profile. For
the studies that did not report the three outcomes, each criterion was
scored as not applicable (NA). To summarize the results, we present the
percentage of studies that had or not risk of bias per each criterion.