Bone mineral density
The mean Z score and BMD levels of the lumbar spine were -0.810±1.348 and 1.036±0.196 gr/cm2; and those were -0.693±1.196, and 0.855±0.158 gr/cm2 in the femoral neck, respectively. While osteoporosis was defined in 20% (n=53), osteopenia was present in 35.6% (94) of the whole study group. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical, laboratory data of patient groups according to the presence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or normal BMD (p>0.05 for all), except age (Table 1). Diabetic patients had lower BMD levels both in the femoral neck (p<0.001) and lumbar spine (p=0.035).