Study Inclusion and exclusion criteria
English language cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies and case series with a minimum n=30 were eligible for inclusion. Studies must have been peer-reviewed and contain original data. A diagnosis of a CID requiring treatment with biologics had to be described for women treated during pregnancy/or the three months prior to pregnancy (as early cessation of these medications is common).
Ineligible studies were those who did not specify maternal underlying medical condition or a condition that was not a chronic inflammatory disease e.g.: neoplasia. Studies that were not published in English, those that did not address maternal or fetal outcomes, non-peer reviewed studies, commentaries, reviews, and conference abstracts were excluded.