References
1. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID‐19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91:157‐160. viro3. Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28:391‐395.
2. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, et al. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol 2020; 94(7): e00127-20.
3. Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, et al. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med 2020; 14(2): 185–192.
4. Yuen KS, Chan W-M, Fan DS, et al. Ocular screening in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137 (4):773–774. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(03)01148-6.
5. Seah IYJ, Anderson DE, Kang AEZ, et al. Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 24]. Ophthalmology. 2020; S0161-6420(20)30311–0.
6. Walinjkar, J. A., Makhija, S. C., Sharma, H. R., Morekar, S. R., & Natarajan, S. (2020). Central retinal vein occlusion with COVID-19 infection as the presumptive etiology. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(11), 2572.
7. Gaba, W. H., Ahmed, D., Al Nuaimi, R. K., Al Dhahani, A. A., & Eatmadi, H. (2020). Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a 40-Year-Old Man with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia. The American Journal of Case Reports, 21, e927691-1.
8. Virgo, J., & Mohamed, M. (2020). Paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eye, 1-2
9. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395:470‐473.
10. Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2020;28:391‐395
11. Zhou Y, Zeng Y, Tong Y, Chen C. Ophthalmologic evidence against the interpersonal transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus through conjunctiva. MedRxiv. 2020.
12. Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L et al (2020) Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain, Behav Immunity. 87:18–22
13. Jun ISY, Anderson DE, Kang AEZ, Wang L-F, Rao P, Young BE et al (2020) Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Ophthalmology 127(7):977–979
14. Sun X, Zhang X, Chen X, Chen L, Deng C, Zou X, et al. The infection evidence of SARS-COV-2 in ocular surface: a single-center cross-sectional study. MedRxiv. 2020.
15. Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L et al (2020) Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province. China, JAMA ophthalmology
16. Bikdeli, B. et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up. Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020). doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
17. England, J. T. et al. Weathering the COVID-19 storm: Lessons from hematologic cytokine syndromes. Blood Reviews (2020). doi:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100707
18. Copin, M. C. et al. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive Care Medicine (2020). doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06057-8
19. Marinho, P. M., Marcos, A. A. A., Romano, A. C., Nascimento, H. & Belfort, R. Retinal ndings in patients with COVID-19. The Lancet 395, 1610 (2020)
20. Brown GC, Brown MM, Hiller T, Fischer D, Benson WE, Magargal LE. Cotton-wool spots. Retina. 1985;5:206–14.
21. Ioannides A, Georgakarakos ND, Elaroud I, Andreou P. Isolated cotton-wool spots of unknown etiology: management and sequential spectral domain optical coherence tomography documentation. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1431–3.
22. Vavvas, D.G. et al. Concerns about the interpretation of OCT and fundus findings in COVID-19 patients in recent Lancet publication. Eye 1-2 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41433-020-1084-9
23. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, Shen Y, Guo D. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. J Med Virol. 2020;92:589‐594.
24. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708‐1720.
25. Öncül, Hasan, et al. ”Ocular findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in an outbreak hospital.” Journal of medical virology 93.2 (2021): 1126-1132.
26. Kolifarhood G, Aghaali M, Saadati HM, et al. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19; a narrative review. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine 2020; 8: e41
27. Hearne BJ, Hearne EG, Montgomery H, Lightman SL. Eyecare in the intensive care unit. Journal of the Intensive Care Society 2018; 19: 345–50.
28. Kousha O, Kousha Z, Paddle J. Exposure keratopathy: Incidence, risk factors and impact of protocolised care on exposure keratopathy in critically ill adults. Journal of Critical Care 2018; 44: 413–8.
29. Kam KR, Haldar S, Papamichael E, Pearce KC, Hayes M, Joshi N: Eyecare in the critically ill: a national survey and protocol. J Intensive Care Soc. 2013, 14:150-154. 10.1177/175114371301400213
30. Mercieca F, Suresh P, Morton A, Tull, A: Ocular surface disease in intensive care unit patients. Eye. 1999, 2:231-236. 10.1038/eye.1999.57
31. Pacella SJ, Codner MA: Minor complications after blepharoplasty: dry eyes, chemosis, granulomas, ptosis, and scleral show. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010, 125:709-718. 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c830c7
32. Imanaka H, Taenaka N, Nakamura J, Aoyama K, Hosotani, H: Ocular surface disorders in the critically ill. Anesth Analg. 1997, 85:343-346. 10.1097/00000539-199708000-00018
33. Grixti A, Sadri M, Watts MT. Corneal protection during general anaesthesia for nonocular surgery. Ocular Surface. 2013;11(2):109–118.
34. Intensive Care Society and Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine. Guidance for: prone positioning in adult critical care. 2019. https://www.ficm.ac.uk/sites/default/files/prone_position_in_adult_critical_ care_2019.pdf (accessed 18 May 2020)
35. Schwarz L, Lwowski C, Schmack I, et al. Ophthalmological care of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients in intensive care units. Ophthalmologe. 2020;117:602‐608.
36. Güemes‐Villahoz N, Burgos‐Blasco B, Arribi‐Vilela A, et al. Detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in conjunctival secretions: is it a valuable diagnostic method of COVID‐19? [published online ahead of print June 24, 2020]. J Med Virol. 2020.