Near-Infrared Technology
For the da Vinci Xi FireflyTM endoscope platform
(Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA), henceforth called
System 1, a 736nm NIR laser excitation source was used and emission
signals were collected from 600-900nm. The VisionSense
IridiumTM exoscope system (VisionSense, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, USA), henceforth called System 2, has demonstrated high
NIR sensitivity in prior
studies6and uses a 785nm laser excitation source and a high-sensitivity NIR
camera with an 800-835nm filter. Real-time videos were captured in 720p
and displayed at 1080p.