E(e)SEEDi (healthy or unhealthy)
Linkage to T2D risk (lower or increase)
Environment (external or self-internal)
Clinical studies confirmed that long-term exposure to air pollution links to the increased risk of both CVD and T2D [29-33].29-33 And increased transportation noise and e-noise exposures are associated with a greater risk of T2D [34-36]. Early growth status (short length and / or thinness at birth and during infancy) also links to T2D [37].
Sleep Sleep breathing disorders (severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) may add the risk of T2D [38].
Emotion Work-related psychosocial stress may increase the risk of T2D [39].
Exercise Aerobic physical activity is associated with reduced risk of T2D and the higher levels of muscle-strengthening activities, the lower risk of T2D [40]. For example, leisure-time running is associated with a lower risk of developing T2D in adults [41].
Diet Smoking (nicotine intake) increases the risk of T2D, but there is a protective role of habitual intake of filtered coffee on T2D development [42,43].