1.3 Other clinical benefits
Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is one of the postnatal risk factors for the development of BPD37. A prospective multicenter study of very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome confirmed that the early initiation of caffeine was associated with the reduced occurrence of PDA38. In a retrospective cohort of 140 newborns weighing ≤ 1250 g at birth, early caffeine treatment was also found to reduce PDA requiring treatment in preterm infants22. In addition, active substances on the alveolar surface are closely associated with lung maturation. Fehrholz et al. demonstrated that caffeine enhanced the role of glucocorticoids in promoting the production, maturation and release of alveolar surface active substances both in vivo and in vitro in premature sheep with bronchoalveolar lavage solution39.