Conclusion
While research continues to work toward determining the best therapies for the prevention of BPD in extremely preterm infants, it remains clear that early and adequate nutritional support in the first postnatal weeks is critical to improve long-term outcomes and prevent harmful neonatal morbidities. As neonatal medicine works toward improving outcomes in the most premature infants, a multifaceted approach to the prevention and treatment of pulmonary outcomes is warranted. In addition to the investigation of the right ventilatory approach to limit injury and oxidative stress to the preterm lung, research strategies which evaluate the role of nutritional treatments aimed to prevent BPD are critical to improving outcomes in extremely preterm infants.