Introduction
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major cause of seizures
worldwide. Infectious causes of convulsions vary according to
geographical location. Nevertheless, globalization and international
travel have broken the boundaries, so we can expect any infection to
cause seizures in different parts of the world [1]. Bacterial
meningitis, malaria, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and neurocysticercosis are
infectious etiologies of seizures. Nevertheless, their probability as
the cause of seizures depends on the age and immunologic condition of
the patient and geographical location [2]. Lyme disease is another
infectious cause of seizures caused by the Spirochaete, Borrelia
burgdorferi . The condition, known as neuroborreliosis, may occur at the
early or late stages of this disease and can even be its first
presentation. Other neurologic manifestations of borreliosis include
cranial neuritis, facial palsy, radiculoneuritis, pseudotumor cerebri,
myelitis, cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraparesis [3]. Lyme
disease is rarely suspected as the cause of neurologic manifestations in
Iran since most cases have been reported in America and Europe. Here, we
present a case of neuroborreliosis with seizures as the first
manifestation in a 55-year-old man.