Figure legends
Figure 1. Microbiome comparison of two carpenter bee species A)Xylocopa sonorina and Xylocopa tabaniformis, photos by K. Garvey, used with permission. In B) bacterial species Chao 1 richness and Shannon’s index diversity. In C), species and tissues differ in beta diversity, with the gut communities tightly clustering and differentiated between species. In D), bacterial composition in bothXylocopa species and tissue types is summarized at the Genus level.
Figure 2. Heatmap of bacterial genus-species bins detected in at least one sample of both Xylocopa species. Bacterial taxa are ordered by descending mean relative abundance in each bee gut sample.
Figure 3. Phylogenetic placement of gut Xylocopa core taxa in the Lactobacillaceae. A) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree optimized with internal maximum likelihood, where nodes with>75% bootstrap support from 1000 resampled trees are colored blue, while those with <75% bootstrap support at colored red. Core ASVs present at >= 0.1% relative abundance in at least one sample were used. Core taxa clades are indicated in green for Bombilactobacillus and blue forLactobacillus. Subtree in B) shows Bombilactobacillus(green tips in full Lactobacillaceae tree) ASVs from the current study (indicated as ASV) and their average relative abundance in individual bee gut tissue of X. sonorina and X. tabaniformis , with stacked bars colored by geographic location. Subtree in C) shows Lactobacillus ASVs (blue tip in full Lactobacillaceae tree) from the current study and their average relative abundance in individual bee gut tissue of X. sonorina and X. tabaniformis , with stacked bars colored by geographic location.
Figure 4. Phylogenetic placement of gut Xylocopa core taxa in the Bifidobacteriaceae, with outgroups selected from (Lugli et al. 2017). A) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree optimized with internal maximum likelihood, where nodes with>75% bootstrap support from 1000 resampled trees are colored blue, while those with <75% bootstrap support at colored red. Core ASVs present at >= 0.1% relative abundance in at least one sample were used. Core taxa clades are indicated in red for Bombiscardovia . Subtree in B) shows Bombiscardovia (red tips in full tree) ASVs from the current study (indicated as ASV) and their average relative abundance in individual bee gut tissue of X. sonorina andX. tabaniformis , with stacked bars colored by geographic location.