Marginal occupancy
Mean occupancy for both seasons was highest for lynx (winter [Ψ= 0.76 95% CI: 0.42-0.92], autumn [Ψ= 0.71 CI: 0.38-0.84]) and wolf (winter [Ψ= 0.60 CI: 0.34-0.78], autumn [Ψ= 0.81 CI: 0.25-0.95]) and lowest for wildcat (winter [Ψ= 0.40 CI: 0.19-0.63], autumn [Ψ= 0.52 CI: 0.17-0.78]) (Figure A1). We found that both marginal and co-occupancy predictors for lynx, wildcat, and wolf varied between seasons. In winter, local road density was negatively associated with marginal occupancy of wolf (Figure 2C) and positively associated with marginal occupancy of lynx (Figure 2A), while wildcats occupancy decreased with increased altitude (Figure 2B). However, in autumn, marginal occupancy of wolf decreased with terrain ruggedness (Figure 2F), and lynx occupancy increased with forest cover (Figure 3D) while wildcat occupancy decreased with forest cover (Figure 3E).