Sampling design
We surveyed Anolis lizard communities in plots across the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) and Jamaica between June and August of 2016-2018. We surveyed plots in 20 landscapes (13 on Hispaniola, 7 on Jamaica), distributed over broad temperature and precipitation gradients. Study landscapes were distributed from sea level to 2,380m on the Dominican Republic (highest point is 3,098m) and to 1,923m on Jamaica (highest point is 2,256m), and encompass an elevation range representing >99.5% of the total land area of each island. Climate conditions were broadly similar in our sample (Fig. S1).
Each landscape contained 2-4 30m-diameter plots in forest habitat—the native climax vegetation (NDR= 35, NJamaica = 20). An observer surveyed each plot six times. Each time, we marked any observed lizards with non-toxic paint following Heckel and Roughgarden (1979). Paint marks allowed us to identify re-sighted individuals, permitting estimation of total abundance for each species.