Figure 3. Greater macroevolutionary diversity on Hispaniola generates a high-elevation fauna. (a) Pairwise plot-level community dissimilarity based on species identity against the differences in elevation between plots. (b and c) Heat map showing abundance of species in all plots along the elevational gradient. Sites are organized along the y-axis so that lowest elevation sites are on the bottom and highest are on top. Tick marks along y-axis show 500m increments. Note that y-axes are not scaled uniformly within islands, because low elevation habitats are more common and thus preferentially sampled, and are not identical across islands, as sampling sites were not matched by elevation. Species along the x-axis are organized by mean elevation at which the species occurs. Note (1) the distinct highland species on Hispaniola, and (2) differences between islands in elevation at which no anoles occur. (d) Pairwise phylogenetic dissimilarity of plots as in ‘b’ highlighting the phylogenetic turnover along elevation on Hispaniola. (e) Phylogeny of all Anolis species observed with branches colored according to island. ‘+’ indicates highland species (species not observed at sea-level). (f) Pairwise morphological dissimilarity between plots as in ‘b’ highlighting greater morphological dissimilarity between elevation zones on Hispaniola. (g). Location in morphospace of all observed species along first two morphological principal component axes from 11 morphometric measurements. PC1 corresponds to limb-length whereas PC2 corresponds to overall body size. Circle size represents overall abundance of the species across all plots. Triangles depict the abundance weighted morphological means of all plots in the lowlands (<700m asl) and the highlands (>700m asl) on both islands. In all plots (except b and c) yellow indicates plots or species in Hispaniola whereas green indicates those in Jamaica.