Authors Contribution
ES, YPL and LGC collected scale insects, their associates as well as the
information of the geographic distribution of species and performed DNA
extractions. ES designed the primers, performed the PCRs and prepared
the samples for Illumina multi-target amplicon sequencing. ES, YKY and
JE developed the bioinformatics pipeline. ES built the phylogeny and
conducted the analysis regarding strain determination. GFA developed the
mathematical model. ES wrote the manuscript under the supervision of LGC
and JE.