References
- Tsang TS, Abhayaratna WP, Barnes ME, et al. Prediction of
cardiovascular outcomes with left atrial size: is volume superior to
area or diameter? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1018–23.
- Benjamin EJ, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA, et al. Left atrial
size and the risk of stroke and death. The Framingham Heart Study.
Circulation 1995; 92:835–41
- Schwartz ML, Gauvreau K, Geva T. Predictors of outcome of
biventricular repair in infants with multiple left heart obstructive
lesions. Circulation 2001; 104:682-7.
- Cantinotti M, Scalese M, Molinaro S, et al. Limitations of current
echocardiographic nomograms for left ventricular, valvular, and
arterial dimensions in children: a critical review. J Am Soc
Echocardiogr 2012; 25:142-52.
- Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, et al. Recommendations
for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of
Echocardiography’s guidelines and standards committee and the Chamber
Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the
European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European
Society of Cardiology. Journal of the American Society of
Echocardiography. Mosby Inc.; 2005;18:1440–63.
- Krell K, Laser KT, Dalla-Pozza R, et al. Real-Time Three-Dimensional
Echocardiography of the Left Ventricle—Pediatric Percentiles and
Head-to-Head Comparison of Different Contour-Finding Algorithms: A
Multicenter Study. Journal of the American Society of
Echocardiography. 2018;31(6):702-711.e713.
- Blume GG, McLeod CJ, Barnes ME, et al. Left atrial function:
Physiology, assessment, and clinical implications. European Journal of
Echocardiography. 2011;12:421-430
- Linden K, Goldschmidt F, Laser KT, et al. Left Atrial Volumes and
Phasic Function in Healthy Children: Reference Values Using Real-Time
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography. Journal of the American
Society of Echocardiography. 2019;32(8):1036-1045.e1039
- Levy F, Iacuzio L, Schouver ED, et al. Performance of a new fully
automated transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiographic software
for quantification of left cardiac chamber size and function:
Comparison with 3 Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance. Journal of
Clinical Ultrasound. 2019;47(9):546-554.
- Müller et al. Measurement of right atrial volumes: comparison of a
semi-automatic algorithm of real-time 3D echocardiography with cardiac
magnetic resonance imaging. International Journal of Cardiology 202
(2016) 621–623.
- Neukamm C, Try K, Norgård G, Brun H. Right Ventricular Volumes
Assessed by Echocardiographic Three-dimensional Knowledge-based
Reconstruction Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Clinical
Setting. 2013.
- Dragulescu A, Grosse-Wortmann L, Fackoury C, Riffle S, Waiss M, Jaeggi
E, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular volumes
after surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot: Clinical validation of a
new echocardiographic method. Journal of the American Society of
Echocardiography. 2011; 24:1191–8.
- Jone PN, Le L, Pan Z, et al. A multicenter study of three-dimensional
echocardiographic evaluation of normal pediatric left ventricular
volumes and function. Echocardiography. 2021;38(4):641-645.
- Knight DS, Schwaiger JP, Krupickova S, Davar J, Muthurangu V, Coghlan
JG. Accuracy and Test-Retest Reproducibility of Two-Dimensional
Knowledge-Based Volumetric Reconstruction of the Right Ventricle in
Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.2015;28(8):989-998.
- Kato A, Sandoval JP, Mroczek D, et al. Automated 3-Dimensional
Single-Beat Real-Time Volume Colour Flow Doppler Echocardiography in
Children: A Validation Study of Right and Left Heart Flows. Can
J Cardiol. 2018;34(6):726-735
- Ebtia M, Murphy D, Gin K, et al. Best method for right atrial volume
assessment by two-dimensional echocardiography: Validation with
magnetic resonance imaging. Echocardiography.2015;32(5):734-739
- Maceira AM, Cosin-Sales J, Prasad SK, Pennell DJ. Characterization of
left and right atrial function in healthy volunteers by cardiovascular
magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic
Resonance. 2016;18(1):1-16.
- Ghelani SJ, Brown DW, Kuebler JD, et al. Left Atrial Volumes and
Strain in Healthy Children Measured by Three-Dimensional
Echocardiography: Normal Values and Maturational Changes. J Am
Soc Echocardiogr. 2018;31(2):187-193 e181.
- Bhatla P, Nielsen JC, Ko HH, Doucette J, Lytrivi ID, Srivastava S.
Normal values of left atrial volume in pediatric age group using a
validated allometric model. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging.2012;5(6):791-796
- Mor-Avi V, Yodwut C, Jenkins C, et al. Real-time 3D echocardiographic
quantification of left atrial volume: multicenter study for validation
with CMR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(8):769-777.
- Ujino K, Barnes ME, Cha SS, et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic
methods for assessment of left atrial volume. Am J Cardiol.
2006;98(9):1185-1188.
- Altman M, Bergerot C, Aussoleil A, et al. Assessment of left
ventricular systolic function by deformation imaging derived from
speckle tracking: a comparison between 2D and 3D echo modalities. Eur
Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15(3):316-323
- Koestenberger M, Burmas A, Ravekes W, et al. Echocardiographic
Reference Values for Right Atrial Size in Children with and without
Atrial Septal Defects or Pulmonary Hypertension. Pediatr
Cardiol. 2016;37(4):686-695.
- Di Salvo G, Pacileo G, Del Giudice EM, et al. Atrial myocardial
deformation properties in obese nonhypertensive children. J Am Soc
Echocardiogr. 2008;21(2):151-156.
- Bu L, Munns S, Zhang H, et al. Rapid full volume data acquisition by
real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of left
ventricular indexes in children: a validation study compared with
magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
2005;18(4):299-305..
- Luo XX, Fang F, So HK, Liu C, Yam MC, Lee AP. Automated left heart
chamber volumetric assessment using three-dimensional echocardiography
in Chinese adolescents. Echo Res Pract. 2017;4(4):53-61
- Jenkins C, Bricknell K, Hanekom L, Marwick TH. Reproducibility and
accuracy of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular
parameters using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am
Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(4):878–886.
- Bulbul Z, Bitar F, Tamim H, Issa Z, Siblini G, Di-Salvo G. Measurement
of Left Ventricular Dimensions and Ejection Fraction in Neonates by
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: A Comparative Study Between
Philips QLAB and TOMTEC Software-Are the Values Interchangeable?Pediatr Cardiol. 2021;42(5):1111-1118.
Table 1: Study patient characteristics.