REFERENCES
  1. Bommelaer G, Poynard T, Le Pen C, et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and variability of diagnostic criteria. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2004; 28: 554-61
  2. Bulut, N. S., & Arpacıoğlu, Z. B. (2020). Acute onset psychosis with complex neurobehavioural symptomatology following the intramuscular injection of hyoscine butylbromide: a case report with an overview of the literature. European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice , ejhpharm-2020-002583. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002583
  3. Evangelista S. Quaternary ammonium derivatives as spasmolytics for irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10: 3561-8
  4. Falch, C., Vicente, D., Häberle, H., Kirschniak, A., Müller, S., Nissan, A., & Brücher, B. L. (2014). Treatment of acute abdominal pain in the emergency room: a systematic review of the literature. European journal of pain (London, England)18 (7), 902–913. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.00456.x
  5. Herxheimer A, Haefeli L. Human pharmacology of hyoscine butylbromide. Lancet 1966; 2: 418-21
  6. Jailwala J, Imperiale TF, Kroenke K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of ran- domized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 136-47
  7. Lesbros-Pantoflickova D, Michetti P, Fried M, et al. Meta- analysis: the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 1253-69
  8. Maxion-Bergemann S, Thielecke F, Abel F, et al. Costs of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK and US. Pharmacoeco- nomics 2006; 24: 21-37
  9. Mueller-Lissner S, Tytgat GN, Paulo LG, et al. Placebo- and paracetamol-controlled study on the efficacy and tolerability of hyoscine butylbromide in the treatment of patients with recurrent crampy abdominal pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23: 1741-8
  10. Müller-Krampe, B., Oberbaum, M., Klein, P., & Weiser, M. (2007). Effects of Spascupreel versus hyoscine butylbromide for gastrointestinal cramps in children. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society49 (3), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2007.02382.x
  11. Poonai, N., Kumar, K., Coriolano, K., Thompson, G., Brahmbhatt, S., Dzongowski, E., Stevens, H., Gupta, P., Miller, M., Elsie, S., Ashok, D., Joubert, G., Lim, R., Bütter, A., & Ali, S. (2020). Hyoscine butylbromide versus acetaminophen for nonspecific colicky abdominal pain in children: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne192 (48), E1612–E1619. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.201055
  12. Poynard T, Regimbeau C, Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 355-61
  13. Quigley EMM, Locke GR, Mueller-Lissner S, et al. Prevalence and management of abdominal cramping and pain: a multina- tional survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24: 411-9
  14. Sandler RS, Stewart WF, Liberman JN, et al. Abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea in the United States: prevalence and impact. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45: 1166-71
  15. Saps, M., Seshadri, R., Sztainberg, M., Schaffer, G., Marshall, B. M., & Di Lorenzo, C. (2009). A prospective school-based study of abdominal pain and other common somatic complaints in children. The Journal of pediatrics154 (3), 322–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.09.047
  16. Scha ̵̈fer E, Ewe K. The treatment of irritable colon: efficacy and tolerance of buscopan plus, buscopan, paracetamol and place- bo in ambulatory patients with irritable colon [in German]. Fortschr Med 1990; 108 (25): 488-92
  17. Simre ̵́n M, Brazier J, Coremans G, et al. Quality of life and illness costs in irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion 2004; 69: 254-61
  18. Tytgat GN. Hyoscine butylbromide: a review of its use in the treatment of abdominal cramping and pain. Drugs . 2007;67(9):1343-1357. doi:10.2165/00003495-200767090-00007