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\begin{document}

\title{Sediment Sources and Delivery of Norwegian Mountain Rivers in a Changing
Climate}



\author[1]{Jim Bogen}%
\affil[1]{Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The projected climate change for Norway through the 21st century
predicts that the temperature will increase significantly. Events with
heavy rainfall will be more intense and occur more frequently.~Rain
floods~will increase in magnitude and also occur more
frequently.~Extreme flooding and heavy rain will significantly impact
the sediment dynamics in rivers.~In the mountain areas, floods are often
associated with erosion, transport and deposition of coarse sediment
along the streams. These processes are related to bed load transport and
pose a hazard in addition to the elevated water discharge and have to be
included in management plans for river basins.~This paper studies the
bed load delivery from sources that contribute the most to the sediment
budget in the~Gudbrandsdalsl\selectlanguage{ngerman}ågen~river~basin during the large magnitude
floods in 2011 and 2013. More than 100 debris slides and debris flow
were triggered in the tributary river Veikleåi by the heavy rain and
snowmelt during these floods.~~The volume of the contribution from
debris flows and erosion and deposition of the river bed was determined
by subtracting digital elevation models acquired during repeated
airborne LIDAR surveys.~{}In the river Dørja the supply of sediment from
a number of debris flows caused extensive aggradation and channel
changes. In their new position, lateral erosion by these channels
triggered slides on the adjacent slopes. The contributing volumes of
debris flows, lateral erosion, and river-bed erosion and deposition were
determined from the LIDAR surveys. Relations obtained from studies of
sediment transport in modern glacier rivers were used to obtain
estimates of the ratio of bed load versus suspended load derived from
the Pleistocene moraine deposits. Several monitoring stations using
conventional methods for measuring bed load and suspended load recorded
very large volumes of sediment delivery during both of the extreme
floods. The results of the study may be used to identify necessary
locations for check-dams and erosion protection works in order to adapt
to climate change.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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