Heat-shock DE genes with larval WGP and TGP
Although the proteolysis genes are common to both acclimation treatments, the lack of enrichment for molecular chaperons in TGP (Figure S3) suggests that the parental acclimation might differ functionally from the canonical heat-shock response that results from the offspring acclimation in WGP. To better understand how the heat-shock response differs between WGP and TGP, we investigated the number of genes and direction of gene expression associated with proteolysis and molecular chaperones (HSPs) (Figure 4b). We found that the number of proteolysis and Hsp genes that are up-regulated in larvae is lower in TGP than in WGP. While 56 proteolysis genes and 5 Hsp genes are up-regulated in WGP, 25 proteolysis genes and 2 Hsp genes are up-regulated in TGP (Figure 4b). These differences in the direction of expression are not significant for Hsp genes due to low numbers (X2 , p = 0.129) but are significant for proteolysis genes (X2 , p < 0.001). Interestingly, only one of these genes is down-regulated in TGP, while WGP shows patterns of up- and downregulation. Although the total number of genes is higher in WGP than in TGP, the relative level of up-regulation is higher in TGP than in WGP (Figure 4b).