Heat-shock DE genes with larval WGP and TGP
Although the proteolysis genes are common to both acclimation
treatments, the lack of enrichment for molecular chaperons in TGP
(Figure S3) suggests that the parental acclimation might differ
functionally from the canonical heat-shock response that results from
the offspring acclimation in WGP. To better understand how the
heat-shock response differs between WGP and TGP, we investigated the
number of genes and direction of gene expression associated with
proteolysis and molecular chaperones (HSPs) (Figure 4b). We found that
the number of proteolysis and Hsp genes that are up-regulated in larvae
is lower in TGP than in WGP. While 56 proteolysis genes and 5 Hsp genes
are up-regulated in WGP, 25 proteolysis genes and 2 Hsp genes are
up-regulated in TGP (Figure 4b). These differences in the direction of
expression are not significant for Hsp genes due to low numbers
(X2 , p = 0.129) but are significant for
proteolysis genes (X2 , p <
0.001). Interestingly, only one of these genes is down-regulated in TGP,
while WGP shows patterns of up- and downregulation. Although the total
number of genes is higher in WGP than in TGP, the relative level of
up-regulation is higher in TGP than in WGP (Figure 4b).