References
  1. McCormack A, Edmondson-Jones M, Somerset S, Hall D. A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity.Hear Res. 2016;337:70-9. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2016.05.009.
  2. Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Tinnitus. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg (United States).2014;151(2):S1-S40. doi:10.1177/0194599814545325.
  3. Wegner I, Hall DA, Smit AL, McFerran D, Stegeman I. Betahistine for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 28;12(12):CD013093. doi: 10.1002/14651858. .
  4. Piccirillo JF, Rodebaugh TL, Lenze EJ. Tinnitus. JAMA . 2020;323(15):1497-98. doi:10.1001/JAMA.2020.0697.
  5. McFerran DJ, Stockdale D, Holme R, Large CH, Baguley DM. Why is there no cure for tinnitus? Front Neurosci . 2019;13:1-13. doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00802.
  6. Van Esch B, van der Zaag-Loonen H, Bruintjes T, van Benthem PP. Betahistine in Ménière’s Disease or Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Audiol Neurotol. Published online January, 2022;27(1):1-33. doi: 10.1159/000515821.
  7. Mcferran D, Hoare DJ, Carr S, Ray J, Stockdale D. Tinnitus services in the United Kingdom: A survey of patient experiences. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Feb 13;18(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-2914-3.
  8. Dziadziola DJK, Laurikainen DEL, Rachel DJD, Quirk DWS. Betahistine Increases Vestibular Blood Flow. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2016;120(3):400-5. doi:10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70283-4.
  9. Unemoto H, Sasa M, Takaori S, Ito J, Matsuoka I. Inhibitory effect of betahistine on polysynaptic neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus.Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1982;236(3):229-36. doi:10.1007/BF00454214.
  10. Ganança MM, Caovilla HH, Gazzola JM, Ganança CF, Ganança FF. Betahistine in the treatment of tinnitus in patients with vestibular disorders. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(4):499-503. doi:10.1590/S1808-86942011000400014.
  11. Sereda M.et al. A Process for Prioritising Systematic Reviews in Tinnitus. Int J Audiol. 2020; 59 (8): 640–6. doi:10.1080/14992027.2020.1733677.
  12. Gupta A, Monsell EM. Which Patients With Asymmetric Sensorineural Hearing Loss Should Undergo Imaging? Laryngoscope.2018;128(9):1990-91. doi:10.1002/lary.27118.
  13. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Betahistine dihydrochloride.https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/7053/smpc. Published 2014. Accessed May 10, 2022.
  14. Alves FPE, Cunha F, Onishi ET, Branco-Barreiro FCA, Ganança FF. Tinnitus handicap inventory: cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. Pro Fono. 2005;17(3):303-10. doi:10.1590/S0104-56872005000300004.
  15. Newman CW, Jacobson GP, Spitzer JB. Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory. Arch Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg.1996;122(2):143-8. doi:10.1001/archotol.1996.01890140029007.
  16. Busner J, Targum SD. The clinical global impressions scale: Applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont).2007;4(7):28-37.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20526405. Accessed May 7, 2021.
Zeman F, Koller M, Figueiredo R, et al. Tinnitus handicap inventory for evaluating treatment effects: Which changes are clinically relevant? Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(2):282-7. doi:10.1177/0194599811403882.
Adrion C, Fischer CS, Wagner J, Gürkov R, Mansmann U, Strupp M; BEMED Study Group. Efficacy and safety of betahistine treatment in patients with Meniere’s disease: Primary results of a long term, multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, dose defining trial (BEMED trial). BMJ. 2016;352:h6816. doi:10.1136/bmj.h6816.