Echocardiography
For imaging, a GE Vivid E95 echocardiography system (GE Healthcare;
Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway) with an M5S probe (frequency range:
1.5-4.6 MHz) and a 4V probe was employed (frequency range: 1.5-4.0 MHz).
During echocardiography, a single lead rhythm recording was collected
from all subjects. All of the subjects had normal sinus rhythm.
According to the current standards of the American Society of
Echocardiography, a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic
examination was performed to evaluate heart anatomy, chamber size, and
cardiac function. We calculated the LVEF using the biplane Simpson
technique with enhancements. A transducer with a 4V output was used to
perform a three-dimensional echocardiographic examination on each
participant. On the apical four-chamber view, volumetric data for the
whole LA was acquired by adjusting the pictures. The dataset was
acquired using five distinct heartbeat acquisition settings, with the
frame rate set to %40 of the heart rate. At the end of inhalation or
exhale, participants were instructed to hold their breath. At least four
datasets have been collected. The three picture data sets with the
highest quality were chosen for examination. A dataset was eliminated if
the LA endocardial boundary was missing or ambiguous. To enhance the
precision and repeatability of the measurements, high-resolution
pictures were acquired. [9-11]