Neonatal complications
The neonatal complications were mainly neonatal birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, 1-minute Apgar score ≤7, newborn respiratory distress, subgaleal haemorrhage, glycopenia, neonatal jaundice, digestive syndrome and clavicle fracture. Newborn respiratory distress manifested as dyspnoea, shallow and rapid breathing, moaning, and low pulse oxygen. We also diagnosed respiratory distress for umbilical artery pH <7.2, chest X-ray abnormal and white blood cells >20*10^9/L18. Hypoglycaemia was defined as a neonatal blood glucose <2.5 mmol/L19. A paediatric professional doctor diagnosed neonatal jaundice requiring treatment through clinical examination and bilirubin levels due to the different peak serum bilirubin levels of neonates of different races.