FIGURE LEGENDS

Figure 1. Geographical distributions of sampled Aquilegia viridiflora . Populations in the NE, EL, CN and NW groups have different floral traits. The scale in the figure is 1:20,000,000.
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Aquilegia viridiflora with genetic structure. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred according to the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and the genetic structure showed ADMIXTURE proportions of genetic clusters for each individual of the four lineages at the best K value (K = 4). Pale turquoise, moccasin, light green and salmon represent the NE, EL, CN and NW lineages, respectively.
Figure 3. Demographic history ofAquilegia viridiflora . (A) Results for the D-statistics. The solid red dot represents that the absolute value of Z-scores is greater than 3, and the hollow red dot represents that the absolute value of Z-scores is less than 3. (B) Ancestral population sizes, population divergence times, and migration rates were assessed by G-PhoCS.
Figure 4. Phenotype ofAquilegia viridiflora . (A) Corolla diameter. (B) Petal length (not including spur). (C) Angle between petals and spurs. (D) Spur length. (E) Pistil length. (F) Stamen length. (G) Calyx length. (H) Number of inflorescences. (I) Leaf area. (J) Chlorophyll content. (K) Leaf perimeter. (L) Plant height.
Figure 5. WGCNA module and trait associations. Gene modules that are significantly related to a phenotype are indicated in bold.
Figure 6. Key genes for the adaptive evolution of Aquilegia viridiflora in early speciation. (A) Candidate genes for adaptive evolution that are differentially expressed in EL and NW. The yellow dots indicate that the SNP in the sliding window was selected by the environment; red and blue dots represent other regions in the genome. (B) Gene structure and mutation of Aqcoe5G459400 . The 13 blue rectangles represent the CDS ofAqcoe5G459400 , the red asterisks represent selected mutations related to the environment in the first CDS, and the red triangles represent the ABI3/VP1 transcription factor upstream ofAqcoe5G459400 . (C) Expression level of Aqcoe5G459400 in flowers and the spur length in the different A. viridifloragroups. Individuals representing the spur length of the NE, EL, CN and NW groups are from the AE, TS, YM and NW populations, respectively.