1. Introduction
Rheum ribes L. well known as a medicinal plant with wide variety
of applications in traditional medicine. The whole plant of R.
ribes has laxative, diuretic, and expectorant properties [1-3].R. ribes effective agent to reduce gastric acidity [4].
Diaphoretic, antiseptic, healing of wounds are the other medicinal
properties of the plant [5]. The leaves volatile oil of the plants
an efficient agent to cure rheumatism [6]. According to the previous
studies, phenolic compounds, glycosides, sterols, steroids, resins,
alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, coumarins, and vitaminsare the most
important secondary metabolites in R. ribes [7-10]. Indeed,
this variety of compounds in R. ribes are responsible to wide
spectrum of pharmaceutical uses of the plant [11-14]
Today, the use of nanomaterials is increasing widely, so it has been
introduced in all aspects of life, and in the meantime, the use of
nanocomposites in medical processes has also found an increasing use.
Nanoparticles have various applications in medicine, including
prevention and treatment of diseases, nano robots for diagnosis, various
medical sensors, imaging and drug delivery system [11-13]. One of
the practical aspects of nanotechnology that has received attention
today is the use of nanocomposites as anticancer compounds and their use
as a drug delivery system in cancer treatment. Encapsulation of drugs
used in cancer treatment on nanoparticles allows the drug to be
delivered to cancer cells with higher efficiency, and on the other hand,
its toxicity and side effects on healthy cells are reduced [13-17].
Recently, Because of the deaths caused by increasing prevalence of
cancers and the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy ways, the need
to invent modern methods to treat cancer is felt. Targeting anticancer
drugs so that they are effective only on cancer cells and also using the
minimum concentration of drugs in such a way that the toxic effects on
normal cells are reduced is also considered necessary in this regard
[18-22]. Therefore, to specifically deliver the drug to the
cancerous tissue and reduce its side effects, we can take help from new
delivery methods and to the tissue with the nanoparticles help as a
carrier. The used nanoparticles with a size of 10-100 to target
medicinal and diagnostic agents are very widespread [23-25]. In
recent years, many nanoparticles have been used in a targeted manner to
destroy cancer cells by reducing the systemic toxicity of anticancer
supplements/drugs. Today, the use of catalysts that are activated by
light (photocatalysts) have become very common [26-30]. One of the
photocatalysts that has been used in the industry since the past is
silver nanoparticles, and it has also been proven that this material is
harmless to humans and the environment. Also, from the economic point of
view, the preparation of this nanoparticle is cost-effective, and
studies conducted since the beginning of the 20thcentury on Ag nanoparticles have proven two different roles of this
compound [31-34]. The first role is the oxidation-regeneration
ability and the second role is changing the properties of the surface of
the particles to a hydrophilic state when Ag is placed on that surface
[35-38]. Also, this nanoparticle has high biocompatibility,
resistant to human body fluids and very resistant to corrosion. Today,
AgNPs are an important product in nanotechnology as a medicinal compound
and also an attractive candidate for delivering many small medicinal
molecules or large biomolecules such as RNA, DNA and proteins. Ag
nanoparticles are resistant to heat and due to light radiation, they can
produce 02 and OH ions, which can affect membrane lipids
and cause their destruction [37-40].
In the recent study, the properties of silver green-medicated byR. ribes leaf aqueous extract against common oral cancer cell
lines i.e. HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, KB, BHY, HN, OECM-1, and Ca9-22 were
evaluated.