1. Introduction
Rheum ribes L. well known as a medicinal plant with wide variety of applications in traditional medicine. The whole plant of R. ribes has laxative, diuretic, and expectorant properties [1-3].R. ribes effective agent to reduce gastric acidity [4]. Diaphoretic, antiseptic, healing of wounds are the other medicinal properties of the plant [5]. The leaves volatile oil of the plants an efficient agent to cure rheumatism [6]. According to the previous studies, phenolic compounds, glycosides, sterols, steroids, resins, alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, coumarins, and vitaminsare the most important secondary metabolites in R. ribes [7-10]. Indeed, this variety of compounds in R. ribes are responsible to wide spectrum of pharmaceutical uses of the plant [11-14]
Today, the use of nanomaterials is increasing widely, so it has been introduced in all aspects of life, and in the meantime, the use of nanocomposites in medical processes has also found an increasing use. Nanoparticles have various applications in medicine, including prevention and treatment of diseases, nano robots for diagnosis, various medical sensors, imaging and drug delivery system [11-13]. One of the practical aspects of nanotechnology that has received attention today is the use of nanocomposites as anticancer compounds and their use as a drug delivery system in cancer treatment. Encapsulation of drugs used in cancer treatment on nanoparticles allows the drug to be delivered to cancer cells with higher efficiency, and on the other hand, its toxicity and side effects on healthy cells are reduced [13-17]. Recently, Because of the deaths caused by increasing prevalence of cancers and the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy ways, the need to invent modern methods to treat cancer is felt. Targeting anticancer drugs so that they are effective only on cancer cells and also using the minimum concentration of drugs in such a way that the toxic effects on normal cells are reduced is also considered necessary in this regard [18-22]. Therefore, to specifically deliver the drug to the cancerous tissue and reduce its side effects, we can take help from new delivery methods and to the tissue with the nanoparticles help as a carrier. The used nanoparticles with a size of 10-100 to target medicinal and diagnostic agents are very widespread [23-25]. In recent years, many nanoparticles have been used in a targeted manner to destroy cancer cells by reducing the systemic toxicity of anticancer supplements/drugs. Today, the use of catalysts that are activated by light (photocatalysts) have become very common [26-30]. One of the photocatalysts that has been used in the industry since the past is silver nanoparticles, and it has also been proven that this material is harmless to humans and the environment. Also, from the economic point of view, the preparation of this nanoparticle is cost-effective, and studies conducted since the beginning of the 20thcentury on Ag nanoparticles have proven two different roles of this compound [31-34]. The first role is the oxidation-regeneration ability and the second role is changing the properties of the surface of the particles to a hydrophilic state when Ag is placed on that surface [35-38]. Also, this nanoparticle has high biocompatibility, resistant to human body fluids and very resistant to corrosion. Today, AgNPs are an important product in nanotechnology as a medicinal compound and also an attractive candidate for delivering many small medicinal molecules or large biomolecules such as RNA, DNA and proteins. Ag nanoparticles are resistant to heat and due to light radiation, they can produce 02 and OH ions, which can affect membrane lipids and cause their destruction [37-40].
In the recent study, the properties of silver green-medicated byR. ribes leaf aqueous extract against common oral cancer cell lines i.e. HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, KB, BHY, HN, OECM-1, and Ca9-22 were evaluated.