Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 25 patients who underwent correction with I- or C-shaped crooked nose deformities between February 2020 and April 2021 with a single experienced surgeon (M.Y.). Patients with a previous nasal surgical history (septoplasty, rhinoplasty or endoscopic sinus surgery) were excluded from this study. This retrospective study was approved by the Haseki Research and Education Hospital Ethical Committee, and all patients were informed both verbally and via written comprehensive consent forms. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and national ethics committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The AGREE reporting checklist was used for standardization for methodological quality(11). Preoperative and postoperative photographs with 7 different angles (frontal, lateral, oblique, helicopter and basal views), as well as videos, were taken and recorded. Patients were followed for 12 months to 24 months, and a postoperative evaluation was performed at least 12 months after the surgery. Image analysis was performed with the GeoGebra License program (version 6.0.677-wgeometry), and the deviation angles were measured using the (anterior) views, provided the Frankfort horizontal line was parallel to the ground. The deviation angles of the C-type and I-type crooked nose were measured as previously described in the literature (12). The ideal angular value is 180 for C-type deformities and 0 for I-type deformities. Surgical results were classified according to the rate of correction of deviation angles. With surgical correction, 90-100% closeness to the ideal angle was evaluated as excellent, 70-89% closeness as good, 50-69% acceptable, <50% unsuccessful. A postoperative angle closer to the ideal angle was considered more successful.