Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 25 patients who underwent correction
with I- or C-shaped crooked nose deformities between February 2020 and
April 2021 with a single experienced surgeon (M.Y.). Patients with a
previous nasal surgical history (septoplasty, rhinoplasty or endoscopic
sinus surgery) were excluded from this study. This retrospective study
was approved by the Haseki Research and Education Hospital Ethical
Committee, and all patients were informed both verbally and via written
comprehensive consent forms. All procedures performed in this study were
in accordance with the ethical standards of institutional and national
ethics committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later
amendments or comparable ethical standards. The AGREE reporting
checklist was used for standardization for methodological quality(11).
Preoperative and postoperative photographs with 7 different angles
(frontal, lateral, oblique, helicopter and basal views), as well as
videos, were taken and recorded. Patients were followed for 12 months to
24 months, and a postoperative evaluation was performed at least 12
months after the surgery. Image analysis was performed with the GeoGebra
License program (version 6.0.677-wgeometry), and the deviation angles
were measured using the (anterior) views, provided the Frankfort
horizontal line was parallel to the ground. The deviation angles of the
C-type and I-type crooked nose were measured as previously described in
the literature (12). The ideal angular value is 180 for C-type
deformities and 0 for I-type deformities. Surgical results were
classified according to the rate of correction of deviation angles. With
surgical correction, 90-100% closeness to the ideal angle was evaluated
as excellent, 70-89% closeness as good, 50-69% acceptable,
<50% unsuccessful. A postoperative angle closer to the ideal
angle was considered more successful.