Author
Total Patient (n) Patient (n) PA/ Controls Baseline of NIHSS or GCS PA/Controls
Intervention Measures
Intervention Measures
Duration
Duration
Outcomes
Length of follow-up (days) Length of follow-up (days)
PA Controls
Chamorro et al. 2005 22
136
67/69
NIHSS: 14 (7-19)/11 (7-18)
Levofloxacin 500 mg IV daily
Placebo
3 days
3 days
a, b, c, d
a, b, c, d
90
Lampl et al. 2007 19
151
74/77
NIHSS: 7.5 ± 3.2/7.6 ± 3.8
Minocycline 200mg orally daily
NPA
NPA
5 days
a, e, f
9
9
Harms et al. 2008 12
79
39/40
NIHSS: 17 (12-21)/ 15 (12-15)
Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV daily
Placebo
5 days
5 days
a, b, c, d, e
180
180
Schwarz et al. 2008 16
60
30/30
NIHSS: 16.5 (8-28)/ 15 (5-27) Mezlocillin 2 g plus sulbactam 1 g IV every 8 hours
NPA
4 days
4 days
a, b, c, d, e, h
90
90
Wang et al. 2012 17
165
83/82
GCS: 8.99 ± 3.92/ 8.91 ± 4.16
Cefuroxime 3 g IV every 12 hours plus metronidazole 0.5 g IV every 12 hours, moxifloxacin 0.4 g IV daily for allergy to cephalosporins
NPA
NR
NR
a, c
NR
NR
Kohler et al. 2013 20
92
44/48
NIHSS: 9.1 ± 7.2/8.7±6.5
Minocycline 100 mg IV every 12 hours
NPA
5 doses
5 doses
a, b, c, d, e
90
90
Blacker et al. 2013 23 44 21/23 NR Minocycline 200 mg IV every 12 hours NPA 5 doses 5 doses a, e 90 90
Kalra et al. 2015 11
1217
615/602
NIHSS: 15 (9–20)/ 14 (9–20)
Local protocol
NPA
7 days
7 days
a, b, c, d, e, g, h
90
90
Ulm et al. 2016 18
227
112/115
NIHSS: 14 (12-18)/ 15 (12-19)
The type and duration of antibiotic treatment were left to the discretion of the treating physician
NPA
Local policy Local policy
a, b, c, d, e
90
90
Westendorp et al. 2015 10
2538
1268/ 1270 NIHSS: 5 (3-9)/5 (3-9)
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV daily
NPA
4 days
4 days
a, b, c, d, e, g, h
90
90
Fouda et al. 2017 21
16
8/8
NR
Minocycline 400 mg IV once followed by 400 mg oral
Placebo
5 days
5 days
a, e, f
90
90
Mirtalaei et al. 2019 9
84
42/42
GCS: 6 ± 1.3/6.2 ± 1.5
Piperacillin-tazobactam 4 g/0.5 g IV
NPA
NR
NR
a, g
NR
NR