Genetic conservation management |
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Armeria maritima subsp. elongata
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Risks and Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) |
Discussion |
EBV
value |
Conservation management recommendations |
Sampling |
Connected gene flow is unlikely as the species is rare,
distribution is scattered, and it has a poor dispersal ability; it
occurs in similar but limited ecological conditions. |
Lower diversity /
Higher differentiation |
High risk of sampling limited diversity.
Genetic diversity within population is likely to be limited and/or
differentiation among populations is high. In these situations, there is
an increased impetus to sample from multiple populations to ensure the
diversity is adequately sampled. |
Donor selection |
Species reproduces sexually (obligatory cross) and has
poor dispersal ability; distribution is scattered; ecological amplitude
is limited and conditions are similar; no evidence of genetic
incompatibilities found. |
Higher differentiation |
High risk of mixing.
The degree of differentiation between populations is likely high and
outbreeding depression is likely. Populations should not be
mixed. |
Genetic differentiation |
Species is rare, distribution is scattered,
ecological amplitude is limited, and dispersal method is poor. |
Higher
differentiation. |
Manage to increase genetic diversity. Populations
have historically been isolated and have little contemporary gene flow;
they are inbred, genetically divergent and are unlikely to be resilient
to environmental change. Intensive and costly management (e.g., ongoing
translocations) may be required to recover and sustain populations;
invoke triage measures to assess whether the likelihood of
recovery/persistence is sufficiently high to justify ongoing management
expense. Investigate means to recover diversity in-situ (e.g., from soil
seedbank); consider translocation if outbreeding depression risks can be
managed. |
Genetic diversity |
Species’ dispersal method is poor and recruitment is
limited; distribution is rare and scattered; species has experienced a
major decline. |
Lower diversity |
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Inbreeding potential |
Genetic diversity is expected to be low and
distribution is scattered. |
High inbreeding potential |
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Silene latifolia |
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Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) |
Discussion |
EBV value |
Conservation management recommendations |
Sampling |
Connected gene flow is somewhat unlikely as although the
species is not rare throughout much the British Isles and has an
effective dispersal method, it has a patchy distribution in Wales,
Eastern Scotland and Eastern Ireland. It also has a scattered
distribution or is absent in West Scotland and Ireland. |
moderate-high
diversity/ moderate differentiation |
Moderate risk of sampling limited
diversity - populations are (likely to be) genetically differentiated
and sampling should be geographically and/or environmentally stratified
to encompass this variation. For some, only a few populations will
exhibit divergence and minimal effort is required, for others, all/most
populations may exhibit substantial differences and sampling from many
will be required. |
Donor selection |
Despite being long-lived with an effective dispersal
method, the species is primarily outcrossing and occurs in divergent
ecological conditions. It also has a propensity for hybridisation
between intraspecific taxa, Silene latifolia subsp. alba (Mill.)
Greuter & Burdet, and S. dioica which could make it more
vulnerable to mixing. |
moderate differentiation |
Some risks associated
with mixing - genetic differences that may lead to outbreeding
depression have been predicted/documented and mixing is not recommended
between divergent groups. However, mixing may be considered in the
following situations 1) there is limited diversity among available donor
populations (ex. contain </= 50-100 individuals) 2) there is a
deliberate aim to mitigate effects of novel environmental
conditions/changes by introducing genetic diversity from ecologically
divergent populations 3) the risks are marginal (ex. population trait
values only just exceed the illustrative conditions of low
risk |
Genetic differentiation |
The species reproduces sexually, with an
effective dispersal method, is long-lived and is not rare in much of the
British Isles. However, it occurs in a broad range of ecological
conditions and has scattered and patchy distribution in Ireland,
Scotland and Wales. |
low-moderate differentiation |
Manage populations
to reduce breeding between genetically related individuals - populations
have historically been connected and currently maintain gene flow, but
there is risk of population declines due to inbreeding depression in the
long term; local adaptation/outbreeding depression is likely to be
minimal unless there are strong environmental gradients. Reduce breeding
between genetically related individuals (e.g. facilitate pollen/seed
immigration; conduct active translocations to increase population sizes
and introduce new genetic diversity); manage pollinator/seed disperser
populations where these have been perturbed; and continue to monitor
outcomes. |
Genetic diversity |
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high diversity |
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Inbreeding potential |
Genetic is diversity is expected to be high and
there is evidence of a scattered distribution. |
moderate- higher risk
of inbreeding |
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Achillea millefolium |
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Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) |
Discussion |
EBV value |
Conservation management recommendations |
Sampling |
Connected gene flow is likely as the species is very common
throughout the British Isles, has no evidence of fragmentation,
populations occur in similar ecological conditions, and it has an
effective dispersal method. |
Higher diversity / Lower differentiation |
Low risk of sampling limited diversity. The species exhibits (or is
predicted to exhibit) little genetic structuring among populations and
high diversity within them, hence most populations should be suitable.
It is still advisable to obtain samples from large and genetically
diverse populations from a range of sites across the distribution to
maximise capture of genetic diversity. |
Donor selection |
Although the species is outcrossing, connected gene
flow is likely and its ecological conditions are similar |
Lower
differentiation |
Low risk of mixing (unlikely to be detrimental, may be
beneficial). Differentiation between populations is likely to be low,
thus minimizing the chance of outbreeding depression. Genetic material
from most populations can be used for restoration or mixed to increase
diversity but it is advisable that plants from similar ecological
conditions are used. |
Genetic differentiation |
Species’ primary reproduction mode is sexual;
it has an effective dispersal method, is long-lived, is very common
throughout the British Isles with no evidence of fragmentation and has a
limited ecological amplitude. |
Lower differentiation |
Based on
evidence found, no management needed at this time. However, if
management is to be considered, manage to maintain population sizes and
gene flow. Populations have historically been connected, are genetically
healthy, and currently maintain high levels of gene flow, potentially
acting as metapopulations; translocations between populations is a
viable option to boos population sizes; local adaptation/outbreeding
depression is likely to be minimal unless there are stronger
environmental gradients. Manage species-level ecological and demographic
threats to maintain population sizes and gene flow (e.g., corridors);
and maintain/facilitate metapopulation dynamics. |
Genetic diversity |
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Higher diversity |
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Inbreeding potential |
Genetic diversity is likely to be high,
population size is >100 individuals, and there is no evidence
of fragmentation. |
Low inbreeding potential |
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