4 DISCUSSION
Our study reveals that Androsace cantabrica represents a genetically distinct lineage within the /halleri clade, underscoring its unique evolutionary history and conservation significance. Our study exemplifies the use of Angiosperms353 target capture data in species delimitation using phylogenomic analysis, and we establish that A. cantabrica maintains high phylogenetic differentiation from closely related species and clades, supporting its taxonomic independence and validating its conservation priority. The population genetic diversity identified through our analysis provides a foundation for actionable conservation strategies, especially in light of anthropogenic pressures and climate change.