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\begin{document}

\title{2000 years of event sedimentation in Lake Iseo (Italian Alps) under the
influence of floods, earthquakes and human activities}



\author[1]{William Rapuc}%
\author[2]{Fabien Arnaud}%
\author[2]{Pierre Sabatier}%
\author[3]{Flavio S Anselmetti}%
\author[4]{Andrea Piccin}%
\author[5]{Laura Peruzza}%
\author[2]{Antoine Bastien}%
\author[6]{Laurent Augustin}%
\author[7]{Edouard Régnier}%
\author[8]{Jérôme Gaillardet}%
\author[7]{Ulrich Von Grafenstein}%
\affil[1]{Université Savoie Mont Blanc}%
\affil[2]{Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc}%
\affil[3]{University of Bern}%
\affil[4]{Regione Lombardia}%
\affil[5]{Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS}%
\affil[6]{Centre de Carottage et de Forage National}%
\affil[7]{Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin}%
\affil[8]{Université de Paris}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Few of the large Southern peri-alpine lakes have been studied with a
sedimentological approach in their deep basin to understand the dynamics
of their long-term sedimentation due, among other factors, to the high
complexity of the coring in such deep lakes. In 2018, a 15.5 m-long
sediment section was retrieved from the deep basin of Lake Iseo (Italy)
at 251 m of water depth. Seismic survey associated to a multi-proxy
approach with sedimentological and geochemical analyses, reveals a high
number of event layers that corresponds to 61.4 \% of the total
sedimentation during the last 2000 years. The great heterogeneity of
textures, colours, and grain-size distribution between the different
types of event layers can be explained by the high number of potential
sources of sediment inputs in this large lake system. By combining
proxies for sediment source with transport processes, we were able to
distinguish: i) flood events, and ii) destabilisations of slopes and
deltas due to an increase of the sediment load and/or to seismic
shaking. From a thorough comparison with both, the regional climatic
fluctuations, and the human activity in the watershed, it appears that
periods of high sediment remobilization can be linked to a previous
increase in Critical Zone erosion in the watershed mainly under human
forcing. Hence, even in large catchments, human activities play a key
role on erosion processes and on sediment availability, disrupting the
recording of the Critical Zone functioning in such lacustrine archive.%
\end{abstract}%



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