\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Simulating the role of biogeochemical hotspots in driving nitrogen
export from dryland watersheds}



\author[1]{Jianning Ren}%
\author[1]{Erin Hanan}%
\author[2]{Aral C Greene}%
\author[3]{Christina Tague}%
\author[4]{Alexander Krichels}%
\author[1]{William Burk}%
\author[3]{Joshua Schimel}%
\author[2]{Peter M Homyak}%
\affil[1]{University of Nevada, Reno}%
\affil[2]{University of California, Riverside}%
\affil[3]{University of California, Santa Barbara}%
\affil[4]{USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 14, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Climate change and nitrogen (N) pollution are altering biogeochemical
and ecohydrological processes in dryland watersheds, increasing N
export, and threatening water quality. While simulation models are
useful for projecting how N export will change in the future, most
models ignore biogeochemical ``hotspots'' that develop in drylands as
moist microsites become hydrologically disconnected from plant roots
when soils dry out. These hotspots enable N to accumulate over dry
periods and rapidly flush to streams when soils wet up. To better
project future N export, we developed a framework for representing
hotspots using the ecohydrological model RHESSys. We then conducted a
series of virtual experiments to understand how uncertainties in model
structure and parameters influence N export. Modeled export was
sensitive to the abundance of hotspots in a watershed, increasing
linearly and then reaching an asymptote with increasing hotspot
abundance. Peak streamflow N was also sensitive to a soil moisture
threshold at which subsurface flow from hotspots reestablished, allowing
N to be transferred to streams; it increased and then decreased with an
increasing threshold value. Finally, N export was generally higher when
water diffused out of hotspots slowly. In a case study, we found that
when hotspots were modeled explicitly, peak streamflow nitrate export
increased by 29\%, enabling us to better capture the timing and
magnitude of N losses observed in the field. This modeling framework can
improve projections of N export in watersheds where hotspots play an
increasingly important role in water quality.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`970573_0_art_file_11254552_ryslv5.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/539455/articles/658873-simulating-the-role-of-biogeochemical-hotspots-in-driving-nitrogen-export-from-dryland-watersheds}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254556-ryslvc/970573-0-figure-11254556-ryslvc}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254558-ryslvr/970573-0-figure-11254558-ryslvr}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254561-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254561-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254564-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254564-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254568-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254568-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254573-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254573-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254577-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254577-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254580-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254580-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254584-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254584-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254587-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254587-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/970573-0-figure-11254590-ryslvv/970573-0-figure-11254590-ryslvv}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

