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\begin{document}

\title{Colonization of the marine realm and the Great Oxidation Event:
Experimentally assessing the plasticity and evolution of cyanobacterial
salinity tolerance}



\author[1]{Jennifer Reeve}%
\author[2]{Boswell Wing}%
\author[3]{Christopher Greidanus}%
\author[1]{Maxwell Pashayan}%
\author[1]{Anya Sukiennicki}%
\author[1]{Paige Campbell}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado at Boulder}%
\affil[2]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[3]{University of Chicago}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Earth's atmosphere underwent an irreversible, and geologically sudden,
change approximately 2.5 billion years ago from oxygen free, to
oxygenated, called the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). This change was
driven by the evolution of a new form of photosynthesis which produced
molecular oxygen as a byproduct. The group of bacteria in which this
evolved, Cyanobacteria, are the only organisms to independently harness
this form of photosynthesis. While we know that by the time of the GOE,
Cyanobacteria were present, we do not know if they were present before
the GOE. It has been proposed that Cyanobacteria were restricted to
freshwater environments for hundreds of millions of years before the
GOE, and only when they were able to inhabit the oceans did the GOE
occur. We address this hypothesis by surveying the literature to
understand how modern cyanobacteria respond to changes in salinity, as
well as running a 1000 generation evolution experiment. We find evidence
that just because a cyanobacterial species is found in freshwater does
not mean it cannot live in marine salinities, and vice versa.
Additionally, we find that prolonged exposure to a different salinity
does not result in loss of ability to grow in the ancestral salinity.%
\end{abstract}%



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