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\begin{document}

\title{Watershed storage and sequential storage thresholds in a hillslope flow
system driving discharge regimes}



\author[1]{Scott Raulerson}%
\author[1]{Charles Jackson}%
\affil[1]{University of Georgia}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{September 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
In many streams, discharge is often anticipated to be the residual
between the inputs to watersheds (precipitation, groundwater inputs),
outputs (evapotranspiration, groundwater outflow), and changes to water
storage. This basic water balance approach fails to capture many of the
aspects that drive streamflow, namely the sequence between fluxes and
storages that must occur prior to streamflow generation. This is further
complicated by the limitations of ever estimating total water storage,
namely due to subsurface heterogeneity, poorly defined boundary
conditions, and difficulties of associated with measuring certain fluxes
(GW in and outflows) and storage reservoirs (soil water). From a
hillslope perspective, the relationship between watershed storage and
discharge is not so linear. There are sequences of storage thresholds
which must be breached prior to other storage units being activated. As
storage units fill (i.e., fill and spill storage + surficial soil
storage) they activate other hydrologic processes (percolation) that
spurs the filling of other storage components (groundwater storage).
These thresholds are complex, time varying, with non-linear and
hysteretic activations, and result in much more complex transit times
than a simple water balance would suggest. We use records from
\textasciitilde{}13 years of intensive hydrologic monitoring at 3
adjacent low-relief, groundwater driven headwater streams that drain the
Savannah River Site in the Upper Atlantic Coastal of Plain to explore
the sequential storage thresholds that govern stream discharge at the
site. Coupled with a spatially discrete water table model and remotely
sensed estimates of surface water storage, we provide a more robust
estimate of total water storage and help elucidate how much water is
going unmeasured via deep groundwater flow pathways%
\end{abstract}%



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