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\title{Mars in situ oxygen and propellant production by non-equilibrium plasmas}



\author[1,1]{Polina Ogloblina}%
\author[2,2]{Ana Sofia Morillo-Candas}%
\author[3,3]{Ana Filipa Silva}%
\author[4,4]{Tiago Silva}%
\author[5,5]{Antonio Tejero-del-Caz}%
\author[4,4]{Luís L Alves}%
\author[6,6]{Olivier Guaitella}%
\author[4,4]{Vasco Guerra}%
\affil[1]{Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico}%
\affil[2]{Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas}%
\affil[3]{Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)}%
\affil[4]{Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear}%
\affil[5]{Universidad de Córdoba}%
\affil[6]{LPP}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
It has been recently advocated that Mars has excellent conditions for
oxygen and fuel production directly from atmospheric CO2 using
non-equilibrium plasmas. The Martian conditions would be favorable for
vibrational excitation and/or enhanced dissociation by electron impact,
two important pathways for CO2 plasma dissociation. Herein we confirm
these theoretical predictions by measuring, for the first time, the
vibrational temperatures of CO2 and the CO and CO2 concentrations in
realistic Martian conditions. In situ Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements are performed in experiments conducted
in DC glow discharges operating at pressures p=1-5 Torr, discharge
currents I=10-50 mA, initial gas temperatures of 220 K and 300 K, both
in pure CO2 and in the synthetic Martian atmosphere 96\%CO2-2\%Ar-2\%N2.
To analyse and interpret the experimental results, we develop a detailed
self-consistent kinetic model for pure CO2 plasmas, describing the
coupled electron and heavy-particle kinetics. The simulation results are
in very good agreement with the experimental data. It is shown that the
low-temperature conditions may enhance the degree of vibrational
non-equilibrium and that the Martian atmospheric composition has a
positive effect on CO2 decomposition. Accordingly, the present
investigation confirms the potential of plasma technologies for in-situ
resource utilization (ISRU) on Mars.%
\end{abstract}%



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