2.1 Sample collection and RV detection
In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on 19,680 samples obtained from pediatric patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) at the Hainan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The collection period extended from January 2021 to December 2023. The cohort included in this study comprised patients aged 18 years or younger, all presenting with symptoms indicative of ARTIs upon hospital admission. Nasopharyngeal swabs were systematically collected at the time of admission. Subsequently, these samples were preserved at a temperature of −80 ℃ for subsequent examinations. The infection of RV was detected by tNGS, facilitated by KingMed Diagnostics.