4. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a central focus in the search for new immune targets in cancer immunotherapy. The TME, which includes various non-cancerous cells, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor, plays a crucial role in helping tumors evade the immune system [358]. This approach not only weakens the tumor’s defenses but also enhances the effectiveness of existing therapies. As we better understand the complex interactions within the TME, these new targets (Figure 3) offer hope for more effective and durable cancer treatments, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.