4. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a central focus in
the search for new immune targets in cancer immunotherapy. The TME,
which includes various non-cancerous cells, signaling molecules, and the
extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor, plays a crucial role in
helping tumors evade the immune system [358]. This approach not only
weakens the tumor’s defenses but also enhances the effectiveness of
existing therapies. As we better understand the complex interactions
within the TME, these new targets (Figure 3) offer hope for more
effective and durable cancer treatments, potentially leading to improved
patient outcomes.