Figure S5. Pairs of non-native plants and native congeners at the end of experiment. Left, native plants; right, non-native plants. a,Amaranthus tricolor vs. Amaranthus retroflexus ; b,Xanthium sibiricum vs. Xanthium italicum ; c, Bidens tripartite vs. Bidens frondose ; d, Solidago decurrens vs . Solidago canadensis ; e, Rhus chinensis vs . Rhus typhina ; f, Phytolacca acinosevs . Phytolacca americana ; g, Amaranthus blitumvs . Amaranthus spinosus .
Table S1. Locations of 28 sites for the field survey in northern China. Codes of the sites with asterisks indicate those surveyed again for evaluation of herbivore biomass.