Figure 1. Herbivore pressure on non-native and native plant
species. Percentage of damaged leaves on non-native (A) and co-occurring
native (B) species in the field survey, and percentage of damaged leaf
area on non-native species (D) and native congeners (E) in the common
garden experiment. Differences in the percentage of damaged leaves on
non-native and co-occurring native species in the field (C) and in the
percentage of damaged leaf area on non-native species and native
congeners in the common garden (F). Boxplots represent the interquartile
range and median, and points represent outliers. There were 27
non-native plant species measured (n = 3 to 66 individuals per species
depending on occurrence in the field) and 59 non-native plant species
measured (n = 3 to 54 individuals per species depending on occurrence)
in the field survey across 28 sites. The most common 12 non-native plant
species and their native congeners were used in the common garden
experiment (n = 6 per species). * indicate p <0.05 and
*** indicate p <0.001.