Treatment
Therapy on COG ANBL0532 consisted of six cycles of induction chemotherapy, surgical resection of residual soft-tissue disease following the 5th cycle of induction, randomization to single or tandem AHCT, and post-AHCT radiotherapy (Supplemental FIGURE S2) .3 Following radiotherapy, patients either a) received 6 monthly cycles of isotretinoin or b) were enrolled onto COG ANBL0032 (NCT00026312) or its successor trial, COG ANBL0931 (NCT01041638). Patients enrolled on ANBL0032 were randomized to receive either immunotherapy including chimeric anti-GD2 antibody (dinutuximab) and cytokines of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2 plus isotretinoin or 6 monthly cycles of isotretinoin.1 Following preliminary results of superior outcomes with immunotherapy, subsequent patients were non-randomly assigned to receive dinutuximab plus cytokine immunotherapy with isotretinoin on ANBL0032 or ANBL0931.1,3,16