Figure 2. Average ruderal species richness over time along the Rallarvägen. Total number of ruderal species (left) and the number of non-native ruderal species (right) as a function of the observational year, based on the number of species across subregions of all present total ruderals (n = 239) and non-native ruderals (n = 100) in the historical dataset. Error bars denote ± s.d. Model coefficients and p-values are shown in supplementary Table 1-2.