Maps and measurements
For the start and end of every transect in the Rallarvägen 2021 dataset,
we obtained the geographical coordinates with a handheld GPS system.
Geographical coordinates for train stations were obtained through Google
Maps (maps.google.com). Since species monitoring began at the starting
point of each transect – and thus most species occurrences were
documented here – we used this location to measure the perpendicular
distance to the railroad and the E10 (in meters) using the measuring
line and the Basemap ESRI 102113 – WGS 1984 from the QuickMapServices
plugin in the QGIS software 3.22.0 (QGIS Development Team, 2021). The
elevational gradient in the map of the study region (Fig. 1) was
produced using Copernicus data and information funded by the European
Union – EU-DEM layers (WGS 4258) (© European Union, Copernicus Land
Monitoring Service 2022, European Environment Agency (EEA)). The EU-DEM
is a 3D raster dataset with elevations captured approximately every 30
m. Other aspects of the map (i.e., lakes and waterways, subregions,
roads, and railroad) were produced using the Sweden shapefile Map Layers
that were obtained from the global community-owned project OpenStreetMap
and downloaded from the MapCruzin website (Meuser, 2019).