A Comprehensive Analysis of Antimicrobial Agents Used in Surgical
Prophylaxis in Clean Case: A Review
Abstract
Introduction: A global health issue known as antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) transcends geopolitical boundaries. Surgical antibiotic
prophylaxis (SAP) is the process of administering antimicrobial to treat
contagions as a preventative measure, avoid them before, during, and
after surgery. During surgery or after surgery there may be chances of
acquiring infection. Infection at the surgical site is one such
complication known as surgical site infection (SSI). It is one of the
problems that reoccur the most frequently in clinical setting. Surgical
site infection is described as an infection that develops with in thirty
days of surgery and might be deep, affecting the organs reached during
surgery, or superficial, involving only the skin. SSIs are occasionally
the leading cause of death following surgical treatments. So, to reduce
these types of complication we use surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.
Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and healthcare system
evidence were searched from 2005 to 2022 for systemic review that was
published in the English language.
Result: Data were extracted for all
primary outcomes, 38 reviews were included, and review quality was
evaluated using AMSTAR 2. The most often reported administration of
antibiotic, timing, drug class, and primary result, respectively, were
preoperative antibiotic administration, first generation cephalosporin
usage, and surgical site infection (SSI). Results indicate that, in
comparison to a placebo or no SAP, SAP may, on average, decrease SSIs.
The finding showed that postoperative SAP did not differ significantly
from intraoperative SAP in reducing SSI.
Keywords: Surgical Antibiotic
Prophylaxis (SAP), Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), Wound Classification