7. Conclusion
Serotonin syndrome is a drug-induced syndrome resulting from increased
serotonin activity. The syndrome can evolve from standard treatment,
overdose, intoxication or any combination of serotonergic drugs –
including pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions – that
increases serotonergic neurotransmission. The central symptoms are
neuromuscular excitation, autonomic dysfunction and altered mental
status, occurring in a patient undergoing new, altered or enhanced
serotonergic therapy. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria are widely
accepted as the most accurate diagnostic criteria.
A variety of drugs – of which this focused review provides an overview
and classification – are associated with serotonin syndrome. Due to the
widespread use of serotonergic drugs, clinicians must maintain a high
level of clinical suspicion for serotonin syndrome, as early recognition
and treatment are crucial to prevent significant morbidity and
mortality.