Simulation results when groundwater is not exploited
First, in the simulation time without pumping wells, since the initial
head values in the study area were artificially set when the model was
established, the overall initial head values decreased from west to
east, while the head values at the eastern constant head boundary were
equal to the initial head values set at the eastern boundary, and the
western boundary was set as a flux boundary to continuously recharge the
entire study area. Therefore, in the simulation time without pumping
wells, the overall groundwater flow direction is from west to east, and
the wetland is sufficiently recharged. At this time, the wetland will
not be degraded, which is the first process of wetland–aquifer
interaction.