Figure Legends
Fig. 1. Distribution of sampling sites and hypothesis of
hypocotyl dispersal status. A, Sampling sites of Kandelia
obovata hypocotyl on the south coast of China. The color gradient
indicates the salinity (‰) of surface seawater. Circle size is
proportional to genealogies size (N). See Table S1 for a detailed
description of field sites. B, Determination of hypocotyl
traits: length, maximum transverse diameter (TDmax) and
minimum transverse diameter (TDmin). C, The
hypothesis of different ratio of TDmax to
TDmin (RTD) of hypocotyl have different positions
relative to the water surface while floating and illustration of the
linkage of RTD and tradeoff between dispersal and retention.
Fig. 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) of hypocotyl traits.
FW, fresh weight; FL, fresh length; TDmax, maximum
transverse diameter; TDmin, minimum transverse diameter;
RTD, ratio of TDmax to TDmin.
Fig. 3. Patterns of hypocotyl intraspecies traits variations
(ITV) along latitudinal gradients.A, Relationship between
PC1 and latitude. B, Relationship between RTD and latitude.
Bule line is ordinary least-squares linear regression (OLR), and red
line is quadratic regression (QR).
Solid line indicates statistical significance (P <
0.05), dashed line indicates statistical non-significance (P> 0.05). Filled area means SE.
PC1, the first principal
component. RTD, ratio of TDmax to TDmin.
Fig. 4. Sources of hypocotyl intraspecies traits variations
(ITV). A, E, Variance
partitioning of PC1 and RTD across three nested levels of organization.B, F, Summary of the linear mixed-effect modeling for multiple
biotic and abiotic factors on PC1 and RTD. Data are presented as
coefficients ± standard errors of the estimated effect sizes.R 2m represents marginalR 2, R 2c represents
conditional R 2. *, P < 0.05;
***, P < 0.001. C, D, G, H, The relationships
between significant biotic and abiotic factors and PC1 and RTD. Bule
line is ordinary least-squares linear regression (OLR), and red line is
quadratic regression (QR). Filled area means SE. SAL, sea surface
salinity; MAT, mean annual temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation;
AFC, annual fastest tide current; ALT, annual lowest tide; AGB,
aboveground biomass. PC1, the first principal component. RTD, ratio of
TDmax to TDmin.
Fig. 5. Direct and indirect effects of
biotic and abiotic factors on
hypocotyl intraspecies traits
variations (ITV). A, C, Structural equation models (SEMs)
showing the relationships among biotic, abiotic factors and PC1 and RTD.B, D, Standardized effects derived from SEMs of PC1 and RTD.
Red and black arrows indicate positive and negative relationships,
respectively. Solid or dashed lines indicate significant (P< 0.05) or non-significant relationships. Numbers near the
pathway arrow indicate the standard path coefficients.R 2 represents the proportion of variance
explained. The relevant indicators are abbreviated as: PC1, the first
principal component; RTD, ratio of TDmax to
TDmin; AGB, aboveground biomass; SAL, sea surface
salinity; AFC, annual fastest tide current; ALT, annual lowest tide;
MAT, mean annual temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation.
Figure 1