Figure leyends
Figure 1. a) Surface electric charge distribution on the GOx enzyme and BMV capsomer. The GOx surface mostly exhibits negative electric charges (red color), and the inner surface of BMV capsomers shows a more positive (blue color) electric charge distribution. The difference in electric charge distribution between GOx and the inner BMV surface results in electric charge complementarity. In silico results by Maestro Schrodinger®. b) Schematic representation of VLP-GOx nanoreactor self-assembly encapsulation and HSA functionalization
Figure 2. Purification of VLP-GOx nanoreactors by SEC HPLC chromatography using differences in retention time A) Overlapped chromatograms show the retention time for native BMV=5.7 min, free GOx=7.5 min and disassembled CP=8.4 min. B) VLP-GOx nanoreactors retention time=5.7 min, similar to native virions of BMV. The VLP-GOx nanoreactors were purified by collecting the fractions from 5.5 to 6.5 min.
Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanoreactors. A) Quasi-spherical unmodified VLP-GOx nanoreactors, and B) VLP-GOx@HSA functionalized nanoreactors.
Figure 4. Cytotoxicity activity of empty unmodified and modified VLPs on cell cultures of 4T1 breast tumor mouse cell line model, and 293T healthy embryonic kidney human cells. Two-way RM ANOVA (p<0.001). *** Significative difference between the two preparations at the same concentration. ‡ Significative difference with the control.
Figure 5. Cytotoxicity of unfuctionalized VLP-GOx and functionalized VLP-GOx@HSA nanoreactors on 4T1 breast tumor mouse cell line. Mean and standard deviation were obtained from three independent experiments.
Figure 6. Cytotoxicity of unfuctionalized VLP-GOx and functionalized VLP-GOx@HSA nanoreactors on 293T kidney cell line. Mean and standard deviation were obtained from three independent experiments.
Figure 7. Flourescence microscopy images of the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 expressing GFP. The images were taken at different times after treatement with VLP-GOx@HSA. The bubble-like formations are shown with yellow arrows. See videos on the Supplementary information.