1 Introduction:
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection commonly seen
in individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those living
with HIV/AIDS [1, 2]. Despite the advancements in antiretroviral
therapy, PCP remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in
this population [3]. The diagnosis of PCP is challenging due to its
non-specific clinical manifestations, which can mimic other infectious
and non-infectious diseases [4,5]. In this case presentation, we
discuss the clinical course of a 39-year-old male with persistent
respiratory symptoms, including low-grade fever, weight loss, and a
productive cough. Initial treatment with antibiotics proved ineffective,
leading to further investigations. Chest X-ray and CT scan revealed
characteristic radiological findings, and bronchial washings exhibited
honeycomb-like alveolar casts. The patient’s positive HIV status
supported a presumptive diagnosis of PCP. Timely initiation of
appropriate treatment with Septran (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)
resulted in significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the
importance of considering PCP in the differential diagnosis of
respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised individuals and emphasizes the
need for prompt diagnosis and management to improve patient outcomes.