3.2.1 ASM on COVID-19
From the IVW results, higher ASM increased the risk to infect COVID-19 (OR = 1.044, 95% CI: 1.001,1.089, P = 0.044). However, the impact of COVID-19 infection vanished after applying the Bonferroni correction. No discernible impacts of ASM on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 0.970, 95% CI: 0.888,1.060, P = 0.506) and severe COVID-19 (OR = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.859,1.137, P = 0.867) were observed in the current research (Figure 1 and Supplementary Table S10 ).