References
1. Moss B, Poxviridae: The viruses and their replication. in Fields virology, Bernard N. Fields, David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, Editors. 2007, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2333-2350.
2. Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley S, et al. Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022. N Engl J Med 2022;387(8):679-691.
3. Patel VM, Patel, SV. Epidemiological Review on Monkeypox. Cureus 2023;15(2):e34653.
4. Colavita F, Mazzotta V, Rozera G, et al. Kinetics of viral DNA in body fluids and antibody response in patients with acute Monkeypox virus infection. iScience 2023;26(3):106102.
5. Yon H, Shin H, Shin JI, et al. Clinical manifestations of human mpox infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2023;e2446. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2446.
6. Pilkington V, Quinn K, Campbell L, Payne L, Brady M, Post FA. Clinical Presentation of Monkeypox in People With and Without HIV in the United Kingdom During the 2022 Global Outbreak. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023. doi: 10.1089/AID.2023.0014.
7. Vogel L. Making sense of monkeypox death rates. CMAJ 2022;194(31):E1097.
8. Eis-Hübinger AM, Gerritzen A, Schneweis KE, et al. Fatal cowpox-like virus infection transmitted by cat. Lancet 1990;336(8719): 880.
9. Becker C, Kurth A, Hessler F, et al. Cowpox virus infection in pet rat owners: not always immediately recognized. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009;106(19):329-334.
10. Gilchuk I, Gilchuk P, Sapparapu G, et al. Cross-Neutralizing and Protective Human Antibody Specificities to Poxvirus Infections. Cell 2016;167(3):684-694.e9.
11. Leendertz SAJ, Stern D, Theophil D, et al. A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey of Anti-Orthopoxvirus Antibodies in Central and Western Africa. Viruses 2017;9(10):278.
12. Zaeck LM, Lamers MM, Verstrepen BE, et al. Low levels of monkeypox virus-neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals. Nat Med 2023;29(1):270-278.
13. Gispen R, Huisman J, Brand-Saathof B, Hekker AC. Immunofluorescence test for persistent poxvirus antibodies. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1974;44(4):391-395.
14. Lim CK, Roberts J, Moso M, et al. Mpox diagnostics: Review of current and emerging technologies. J Med Virol 2023;95(1):e28429.
15. Dubois ME, Slifka MK. Retrospective analysis of monkeypox infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14(4):592-599.
16. Kurth A, Wibbelt G, Gerber HP, Petschaelis A, Pauli G, Nitsche A. Rat-to-elephant-to-human transmission of cowpox virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14(4):670-671.
17. Dubois ME, Hammarlund E, Slifka MK. Optimization of peptide-based ELISA for serological diagnostics: a retrospective study of human monkeypox infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012;12(5):400-409.
18. Newman FK, Frey SE, Blevins TP, et al. Improved assay to detect neutralizing antibody following vaccination with diluted or undiluted vaccinia (Dryvax) vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(7):3154-3157.
19. Kramski M, Drozd A, Lichtfuss GF, Dabrowski PW, Ellerbrok H. Rapid detection of anti-Vaccinia virus neutralizing antibodies. Virol J 2011;8:139.
20. Earl PL, Americo JL, Moss B. Development and use of a vaccinia virus neutralization assay based on flow cytometric detection of green fluorescent protein. J Virol 2003;77(19):10684-10688.
21. Sanz H, Aponte JJ, Harezlak J, et al. drLumi: An open-source package to manage data, calibrate, and conduct quality control of multiplex bead-based immunoassays data analysis. PLoS One 2017;12(11):e0187901.
22. Haddock E, Feldmann F, Feldmann H. Effective Chemical Inactivation of Ebola Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22(7):1292-1294.
23. Poelsler G, Berting A, Kindermann J, et al. A new liquid intravenous immunoglobulin with three dedicated virus reduction steps: virus and prion reduction capacity. Vox Sang 2008;94(3):184-192.
24. Michel J, Targosz A, Rinner T, et al., Evaluation of 11 commercially available PCR kits for the detection of monkeypox virus DNA, Berlin, July to September 2022. Euro Surveill 2022;27(45):2200816.
25. Marennikova SS, Malceva NN, Habahpaseva NA. ELISA–a simple test for detecting and differentiating antibodies to closely related orthopoxviruses. Bull World Health Organ 1981;59(3):365-369.
26. Criscuolo E, Giuliani B, Ferrarese R, et al. Smallpox vaccination-elicited antibodies cross-neutralize 2022-Monkeypox virus Clade II. J Med Virol 2023;95(3):e28643.
27. Cummings JF, Polhemus ME, Hawkes C, Klote M, Ludwig GV, Wortmann G. Lack of vaccinia viremia after smallpox vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38(3):456-458.
28. Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, et al. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. J Gen Virol 2005;86(Pt 10):2661-2672.
39. Hutson CL, Carroll DS, Gallardo-Romero N, et al. Comparison of Monkeypox Virus Clade Kinetics and Pathology within the Prairie Dog Animal Model Using a Serial Sacrifice Study Design. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:965710.
30. Nitsche A, Kurth A, Pauli G. Viremia in human Cowpox virus infection. J Clin Virol 2007;40(2):160-162.