Impact of domestication and soil microbiome on rhizosphere
bacterial community
Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly lower under DSM, whereas no
effect of barley species was observed (Fig. 5a-c). Similarly, NMDS
ordination analysis of overall community composition indicated the
occurrence of distinct bacterial communities as a result of soil
microbiome whereas barley species did not differ (Fig.5d). This was
confirmed by the calculation of log2-fold changes between soil
microbiome and barley species (Fig 5e). Although our results showed no
significant effect of barley on the relative abundance of bacterial
taxa, core microbiome analysis revealed differences between barley
species (Fig 5f, Supplementary Table. 1). Interestingly, the number of
barley-specific taxa was dependent on soil microbiome: besides a large
core of 20 genera present in all groups, the effect of species was more
pronounced under DSM treatment with four and five specific genera for
modern and wild barley, respectively, and only five genera shared
between both, whereas under NSM, almost all genera were shared between
barley genotypes. The shared rich core consists mainly of members of
Proteobacteria (7 of 14 genera), Actinobacteria (3 of 14 genera), and
Acidobacteria (2 of 14 genera), which was different from the shared
genera under DSM with mainly Armatimonadota (2 of 5 genera). Wild
barley-specific genera under DSM belong to members of Proteobacteria and
Verrucomicrobia, whereas mainly Chloroflexi were specific for modern
barley.