Figure 4 Spatial association within and between sexes inDiospyros morrisiana based on mark connection functionp (r ). pMM (r) and pFF (r ) detect the
strength of association within males (a) and females (c), whilepMF (r ) detects spatial segregation between sexes (b).
Local random labelling was used as the null model, which switches the
sexes of points closer than 30m. Observed and expected mark connection
function p (r ) under the null model are represented by
solid (black) and dashed (red) lines respectively. Shaded areas
represent 95% pointwise simulation envelopes (dark grey boundary) and
global envelopes (light grey boundary) constructed using the 25th
highest and lowest values of 999 Monte Carlo simulations of the null
model. Values outside the envelopes indicate significant departure from
the randomness.