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\begin{document}

\title{From Canopy to Kernel: A Multi-Sensor Approach to Wheat Drought
Tolerance}



\author[1]{Maliheh Shaltouki Rizi}%
\author[1]{Chris Hoagland}%
\author[1]{Michael Gosney}%
\author[1]{Yang Yang}%
\author[1]{Mohsen Mohammadi}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Machine vision techniques like RGB imaging are valuable for measuring
plant growth by tracking changes in size and shape over time. By using
non-destructive, continuous monitoring, these techniques are especially
useful for assessing canopy growth under different experimental
conditions like drought. However, canopy monitoring has limitations,
like being unable to observe kernel growth hidden in spikes. To address
these challenges, we did a study on the growth of a recurrent parent
Yecora-rojo (called Yecora) and its 2nd backcrossed progenies under
pre-heading and post-heading water limitation. The goal was to evaluate
RGB imaging's capability in quantifying their differences in tolerance
to limited watering. The plants were grown in a controlled environment.
RGB sensors captured images three times a week until 20 days after
heading. The side projected area (SPA) was used as an indicator of
growth. We showed the difference in recovery after stress by using the
numerical approximation of the area under the curve for two progenies
that outperformed Yecora under limited watering. Furthermore, the
continuous measurements let us identify specific time points
contributing to these differences. The grains from individual plants
were phenotyped using a laser-based size determination system,
evaluating length, width, and area per kernel. This method provides a
complete picture of the total kernels produced by a single plant and
helps study varietal differences. This study identified two BC2
progenies, Yecora156 and Yecora190, as targets for further field studies
and breeding to develop the next breeding population.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\emph{\textbf{Maliheh Shaltouki Rizi\textsuperscript{1}}, Chris
Hoagland\textsuperscript{2}, Michael Gosney\textsuperscript{2}, Yang
Yang\textsuperscript{2}, Mohsen Mohammadi\textsuperscript{1}}

\emph{\textsuperscript{1}} \emph{Department of Agronomy, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, USA}

\emph{\textsuperscript{2} Ag Alumni Phenotyping Facility, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, USA}

\textbf{ORCiD:} {[}0009-0001-1696-4061{]}

\textbf{Keywords:} wheat, drought stress, RGB, High throughput
phenotyping

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